Aplastic Anemia Essay Essays

Aplastic Anemia Essay Essays Aplastic Anemia Essay Aplastic Anemia Essay Aplasitc iron deficiency is an extremely uncommon blood vexed. Now and again. it is associated with leukemia ; it could be an outcome from chemotherapy given to leukemia patients. In aplastic pallor. the bone marrow does non do the essential platelets required in the blood ; by and by. leukemia is the point at which the platelets are distorted and non working adequately. Leukemia is a harmful neoplastic infection where as aplastic sickliness is non. Chemotherapy intercession for threatening neoplastic illness can take to the optional status of aplastic sickliness that may do decelerating down of bring forthing platelets. What are the anatomical and physiological side effects and foundations for aplastic sickliness? What is the diagnosing and what intercessions are accessible for aplastic iron deficiency? One manifestation is weariness from being iron deficient. Frailty is the point at which the rosy platelets are low in the blood. The bronzed platelets convey the O from your lungs to all pieces of the natural structure ( Aplastic Anemia and MDS International Foundation. Inc. ) . This will do exhaustion when the natural structure does non secure satisfactory O. There is somewhat more than just low bronzed blood include in cells in aplastic sickliness. It is the point at which the natural structure doesn’t produce every one of the three distinctive platelets that the natural structure has: white platelets. rosy platelets. also, the thrombocytes named pancytopenia ( Wikipedia ) . In aplastic weakness. it is the point at which the bone marrow quits bring forthing or eases back down in bring forthing these fresh blood cells. The white 1s or leucocytes are to fight contaminations in the natural structure by pouncing upon and executing bacteriums and infections ( Aplastic Anemia and MDS International Foundation. Inc. ) . so with out them patients simple contract infections. A low white platelet tally is called neutropenia ( Aplastic Anemia and MDS International Foundation. Inc. . The other is the thrombocytes ; they are for blood coagulums. A low thrombocyte tally is called thrombopenia ( Aplastic Anemia and MDS International Foundation. Inc. ) . A low thrombocyte tally prompts another indication that would be uncontrolled discharge in light of the fact that the natural structure does non hold the thrombocytes to end the drain. You can other than do wounding and petechiae ( Wikipedia ) . A portion of different side effects incorporate brevity of breath. concern. anger and. at long last tachycardia and chest disappointment ( Lippincott 508 ) . Bone delicacy ought to non be available ( Mc Phee 454 ) . The reason for aplastic pallor creates when the bone marrow is harmed or in certain cases is obscure. Around 75 out of 100 occurrences of gained aplastic frailty are idiopathic ( Aplastic Anemia MDS International Foundation. Inc. ) . This implies they have no known reason. In some cases. the example can be from radiation and chemotherapy intercession utilized for dangerous neoplastic illness. This can destruct the sound cells in the bone marrow taking to the optional status. Some different foundations for auxiliary status of aplastic frailty are harmful synthetic concoctions and certain medications. for example, the synthetic benzine that is found in gasolene. or on the other hand with the utilization of specific medications. counting Chloromycetin [ gt ; 0 ] . carbamazepine [ gt ; 1 ] . felbamate [ gt ; 2 ] . phenytoin [ gt ; 3 ] . quinine [ gt ; 4 ] . what's more, Butazolidin [ gt ; 5 ] ( Wikipedia ) . Chloramphenicol intercession is trailed by aplasia in under 1 of every 40. 000 intercession classs. what's more, carbamazepine aplasia is considerably increasingly uncommon ( Wikipedia ) . The medication for ligament joint pain is associated with 1s procuring aplastic frailty ; this would be called other than an optional status when aplastic weakness shows up. So also Lupus. an immune system upset. can ambush the solid root cells. This would do the decelerating down or filet of doing the platelets the natural structure needs. The rest of result from immunologic components ( unverified ) . horrendous infection ( especially hepatitis ) . viral disease ( especially kids ) . or on the other hand preleukemic and neoplastic penetration of bone marrow ( Lippincott 397 ) . Consequently. to confirm a diagnosing for aplastic pallor they chief take a blood test to check whether the blood tally is low. On the off chance that that appears low in all the platelets. the accompanying measure is to take a bone marrow test or biopsy. The bone marrow is typically taken from the large hip bone by an acerate leaf. The example is taken a gander at in a magnifying instrument to administer out leukemia. which the platelets would look unnatural and would be the ground the platelets are non working appropriately. In any case. aplastic iron deficiency would demo tiny reddish and white platelets in the blood conduit. A few choices of mediation given to patients are medications. bone marrow unite. furthermore, blood transfusion ( MayoClinic ) . Simply late. they have undifferentiated cell unites. The prescriptions are immunosuppressive join with cyclosporine. Perhaps one of the causes is the invulnerable framework is attacking its ain great platelets. furthermore, these medications will decelerate down the technique. This medication mediation is regularly given until the patient can procure a root cell unite. The other medication can be utilized with the immunosuppressant is the developing component. The new hereditarily built developing element drugs help with doing new white platelets. That is really of import. since the natural structure makes a platelet that just keep going for a spell. so the natural structure is regularly bring forthing fresh blood cells. Notwithstanding. aplastic weakness patients natural structure for some ground stops this system. The other clinical claims to fame utilized are anti-microbials either to help prevent contaminations or effectively settled disease. since the safe framework is frail and would non be not able to fight of a typical virus. In all likelihood the doctor will administrate them before a contamination shows up. with the goal that the patient will non gain a disease. Those are the meds utilized and if the status doesn’t better. the patient would expect for a bone marrow unite. The bone marrow join may hold been the primary pick. which the medication is directed until the patient can happen a lucifer supplier. The bone marrow unite is typically an effective intercession to bring around aplastic frailty in individuals under 55 mature ages old ( Aplastic Anemia and MDS International Foundation. Inc. ) . Bone marrow organ transplant from a related. coordinated provider can deal with aplastic sickliness †without repeat in around four out of five occasions ( MayoClinic ) . Up to a large portion of the individuals with coordinated. in any case, random. providers can envision to hold effective bone marrow unites ( MayoClinic ) . There’s an open door that your natural structure may dismiss the unite. taking to perilous entanglements ( MayoClinic ) . The bone marrow join utilizes a coordinated blood classification. At the point when found. the supplier will hold precisely expelled a portion of their sound bone marrow. It is so infused intravenously in the blood to the patient. The gave bone marrow will move up to the patient’s bone marrow and help with doing fresh blood cells ; it might take two to four hebdomads to demo the fresh blood cells are bring forthing. Before they even give the aplastic quiet the gave marrow. they give them chemo to get free of the dismal marrow. furthermore, will other than be managed medications to help hinder dismissal of the bone marrow. Another shield a doctor may limit the figure of blood transfusions before the activity to evade difficulties. Innovation is advancing that they can use undifferentiated cells now on the other hand of bone marrow unite. The new root cell join is taken from the bone marrow. umbilical line. or on the other hand the blood conduit of the provider. They only obtain the root cell from both of those topographic focuses. what's more, again like the bone marrow join. topographic point the root cell into the blood conduit of the patient. The patient will be given chemo before the procedure as in the bone marrow join. This clasp the inconvenience of the new root cells will make an invulnerable framework that assaults the natural structure of the supplier. on the other hand of the natural structure dismissing as in the bone marrow join. On the off chance that this occurs. they other than have drugs that will help fight this. The mediation of blood transfusion is non regularly utilized in light of the fact that it is an intercession for exhaustion. Weariness is non a clinical exigency. First. utilization leftover portion to check whether it mitigates the indication. White platelets only last a twenty-four hours since that is to what extent they toward the end in the natural structure. That is the reason the bone marrow is of import in doing the new cells the natural structure needs. The other confusion that blood transfusions may do is shed blooding. For long haul recuperation. they regularly need other intercession alongside this procedure. Aplastic weakness is an extremely uncommon ailment and influences extremely hardly any individuals. It is non infectious. It is all the more typically analyzed in juvenile adults and children. It can affect any age bunch whenever throughout everyday life and the unwellness may be brief. other than it can come on out of nowhere or simple. The indications fluctuate contingent upon the platelets that they are low in. The patient could hold a little occurrence that may just be watched or to a horrible case that needs intercession. A doctor ought to be the one to do the diagnosings and intercessions. Specialists gauge that there are around 900 new cases of aplastic iron deficiency analyzed in the United States every twelvemonth ( Aplastic Anemia A ; MDS International Foundation. Inc. . Patients should be abundance cautious non to get a contamination on the grounds that the natural structure holding low white platelet tally would hold a troublesome clasp engaging against infections. Stairss are besid

The Mission of Ben Jerrys

The Mission of Ben Jerrys Ben Cohen and Jerry Greenfield established Ben Jerrys Homemade Ice Cream in 1978. In 1966, when they were turning out to be in a school exercise center, the two of them understood that they despised running yet adored food. A long time later in 1978, Ben had been terminated from a progression of employments while Jerry had fizzled for the subsequent time to get into clinical school. Along these lines, they chose to do a $5 correspondence course in frozen yogurt making and later opened their first scoop shop in a frail corner store in Burlington, Vermont. They before long got mainstream in the nearby network for the best all characteristic frozen yogurt. By 1979, they started wholesaling pints of dessert out of Bens VW campervan.Over the years, Ben Jerrys advanced into a socially-situated, autonomous disapproved of industry pioneer in the super-premium dessert market.All Ben Jerrys solidified sweet items are being fabricated in the companys three plants situated in Vermont. The organi zation disperses dessert, low fat dessert, solidified yogurt, sorbet and other curiosity items (1). While most of corporate supervisors were feeling the squeeze to satisfy their investors needs, Ben and Jerry were an incredible inverse; they were just intrigued by momentary increases and enormous benefits. Truth be told, from the start they froze by their speedy business development, as they considered disavowing the quickly developing organization. They didn't put any accentuation on money, gear and inventories which are viewed as the unmistakable resources of the firm. Rather, their emphasis was on impalpable' resources, for example, notoriety, personal satisfaction, bliss, social concerns; all of which they viewed as important as material resources and as Jerry put it ‘if its awful, for what reason do it?. As of late, Unilever, a global food and individual items organization obtained Ben Jerrys in spring 2000. The Ben Jerrys Board of Directors endorsed Unilevers worth  £ 230m. Under the terms states of the understanding, Ben Jerrys will work independently from Unilevers existing frozen yogurt business. There will be an autonomous Board of Directors and their fundamental job is keep up Ben Jerrys social crucial brand uprightness. Both prime supporters will continue working with Ben Jerrys, and the organization will keep on being Vermont-based (3).So, in spite of the fact that it is under Unilever however it despite everything keeps on keeping up its individual personality. Ben Jerrys Mission The hidden crucial Ben Jerrys is to look for new and imaginative methods of tending to every one of the three sections (social, item and monetary), while holding a significant regard for the network of which they are a section and furthermore to the people inside and outside the organization. Their main goal comprises of three interrelated parts demonstrated as follows. â€Å"To work the organization in a manner that effectively perceives the focal job that business plays in the public eye by starting imaginative approaches to improve the personal satisfaction locally, broadly and internationally† (2). â€Å"To make, circulate and sell the best quality all normal frozen yogurt and euphoric inventions with a proceeded with responsibility to consolidating healthy, characteristic fixings and advancing strategic approaches that regard the Earth and the Environment† (2). â€Å"To work the organization on a feasible monetary premise of beneficial development, expanding an incentive for the partners and extending open doors for advancement and profession development for the employees† (2). There has been an expanding interest for liberal ‘treats in the British eating regimen. Around  £1.3 billion dessert showcase is taking advantage of this interest with rising deals in extravagance and premium frozen yogurts to the detriment of standard assortments. About 14million grown-ups purchase frozen yogurt as a treat. The developing interest for liberal treats has developed the deals of frozen yogurt. Since 2007, esteem deals of dessert have developed by 8% (4). Every one of these measurements show that Ben Jerrys have extraordinary potential in the U.K. advertise. Key Analysis Political variables There had been bits of gossip blaming Ben Jerrys for supporting the guard ofMumia Abu-Jamal, who was sentenced in 1982 for executing Philadelphia Police officerDaniel Faulkner. Misconception originated from the way that Ben Cohen, one of the fellow benefactors, joined several others in marking an appeal in 1995 asking that American equity ought to be followed completely for the situation. Aside from these reports, there had been charges that Ben Jerrys had presented a frozen yogurt flavor whose name is associated with this case.As a result of this supposed help, the National Fraternal Order of Police had freely required a blacklist of all Ben Jerrys items (6). Again in 2006, Ben Jerrys needed to apologize to Irish purchasers for propelling another flavor â€Å"Black and Tan† summoning their most exceedingly terrible long stretches of British military persecution. Dark and Tans was the term utilized for selecting an unpredictable power of British ex-servicemen during the Irish war of freedom and prestigious for their mercilessness (9). Ben Jerrys were again in news when PETA sent them a letter requesting that they use bosom milk rather than cows to forestall pitilessness to the dairy bovines (5). Additionally, since the time Ben Jerrys have been taken over by Unilever, the Vermont firm, acclaimed for giving piece of its benefits to noble cause, has been censured for having changed their business center. Monetary variables The significant expenses identified with assembling each extraordinary one of a kind flavor. Ben Jerrys essential showcasing objective is to make items that can't be duplicated however the mechanical advancements of the organization has not permitted them to dispatch the items inside a reasonable time limit. It takes them numerous years to think of another distinctive flavor. Considerably after that there is no guarantee if the item would be effective or ready to enter in the market. Not just this, it likewise allows the contenders to assume control over their place in the market. In 1994 likewise, deals dropped, benefits went down, and the companys stock costs tumbled to a large portion of its worth. Cost of deals expanded around $9.6 million or 9.5% over a similar period in 1993, and the general gross benefit as a level of net deals diminished from 28.6% in 1993 to 26.2% in 1994. This misfortune may have been an aftereffect of a few reasons, for example, high organization and selling costs, a negative effect of stock administration, and start up costs related with specific flavors (8). The organization understanding its fall in deals, immediately reacted to the adjustments in customer requests and presented Ben Jerrys ‘Lite. The line bombed wretchedly. It appeared as though that Ben Jerry neglected to gauge and recognize the adjustments in shopper tastes, and was confronted with expanding rivalry with Haagen-Dazs, which presented its ‘low-fat Ultra Premium frozen yogurt. Social elements Partnershops are Ben Jerrys scoop shops that are autonomously claimed and worked by network based non-beneficial associations. These associations utilize the assets produced to prepare and guide disappointed youth who are needing some assistance to get once more into the workplace. Other than this, they are dealing with practical dairy cultivating system and reasonable exchange (which is the excellent they pay for the fixings which empowers the rancher to make positive strides towards giving essential needs to their families, for example, human services, training and safe lodging) (1). Such endeavors had been made to pull in over ‘like-disapproved of customers, anyway its easily proven wrong as in to what degree this will affect engaging the hearts of their purchasers. The inquiry at that point emerges regarding how much their social one of a kind picture gets influenced by their purchaser conduct. Natural variables U.K. experienced poor climate in the late spring of 2007 in contrast with that of 2006, with a normal temperature of 14.10C contrasted with 15.80C in 2006. This negatively affected the frozen yogurt advertise, particularly in the motivation area, and worth deals went down 1.5% contrasted with 2006. Over the most recent two years (2008 and 2009), summer temperatures seem to have gotten, coming to roughly 14.70C in 2009 (4). UK Mean occasional temperature ( °C), 2004-09* January-August Seasons: Winter=Dec-Feb, Spring=Mar-May, Summer=June-Aug, Autumn=Sept-Nov Information are temporary from December 2008 and Winter 2008/09 Source: Met Office/Mintel Mechanical elements So as to improve the companys framework and with the mean to robotize their creation to keep up the extraordinary rivalry, they put a great deal of cash in property and types of gear in 1994 expanding their drawn out obligations by practically 45%. SWOT examination Qualities Esteemed, built up and perceived brand name and effectively working in numerous nations. Ben Jerrys make a yearly commitment of least $1.1 million from pre-charge benefits to beneficent establishment. It likewise supports Partnershops, Ben Jerrys scoop shops, which are worked by non-beneficial associations. These associations help the disappointed youth to get them back in the workplace. They likewise have a drawn out organization with Fairtrade establishment which moves in the direction of paying ranchers the top notch that empowers them to satisfy the essential needs of their families. Till now, they have propelled four Fairtrade ensured frozen yogurt flavors. Item separation the utilization of regular, great quality fixing, various flavors and the key utilization of idiosyncratic flavor names, for example, Wavy Gravy, Chubby Hubby, Phish Food and Chunky Monkey gives them a serious edge over other ordinary frozen yogurt results of different organizations. Ben Jerrys have additionally presented different items like sorbets and solidified yoghurts alongside their frozen yogurt extend for focusing on clients requesting for sound sweets. Ben Jerrys securing by Unilever in 2000 has given the organization more prominent money related sponsorship permitting them to be much progressively gainful and socially dynamic in the frozen yogurt busi

Blog Archive GMAT Impact Studying forand Struggling withthe GMAT

Blog Archive GMAT Impact Studying forâ€"and Struggling withâ€"the GMAT When it comes to the GMAT, raw intellectual horsepower helps, but it is not everything. In this weekly blog series,  Manhattan GMAT’s  Stacey Koprince  teaches you how to perform at your best on test day by using some common sense. Have you been studying for the GMAT for a while now but find yourself struggling to lift your score? Perhaps you have some problems of which you are unaware, or you are studying in an inefficient or ineffective way. This article includes links to a number of additional articles. If you see something that applies to your situation, follow the link! First, read this short article: In It to Win It. Time Management Almost everyone has timing problems; many people  think  they do not, but they are wrong. If you have been studying for a while but your score does not seem to be changing  much, then one of the culprits is probably timing. Another common sign: your practice test scores fluctuate up and down. Next, analyze your most recent practice test to see whether you have any timing problems and, if so, what they are. Then read this time management article and start doing what it says. Content You may also, of course, have content problemsâ€"maybe  modifiers are driving you crazy, or combinatorics. Not all content areas have equal value. Some areas are more commonly tested than others, and those areas are obviously worth more of your time and attention. For example, modifiers are very commonly tested, but combinatorics questions are infrequent. If you are struggling with this topic, good news! Forget about it. How do you know which areas are more or less commonly tested? This changes over time, so ask your instructor or post the question on some GMAT forums. (Not sure how best to use GMAT forums? Read this!) The test review we discussed in the time management section will also tell you your content strengths and weaknesses. Your next task is to figure out how to study in a more effective way. How to Study Many people do huge quantities of problems, but we are not going to memorize all these problems. If that is what you have been doing and you are struggling or taking forever, stop now! What we want to do instead is use the current practice problems to help us learn how to think our way through future new problems. When doing GMAT-format problems, be aware that roughly 80% of your learning comes after you have finished doing the problem. Your goal here is not to do a million questions but to do a much more modest number of questions and really analyze them to death. Here is how to review GMAT practice problems. You can find additional articles illustrating this process here, in the How To Study section. Super-High Score Goal What if you are going for a super-high score (730+) and find that you are stagnating. Maybe you have hit 700 but cannot get past that mark. First, do you really need such a high score? Not many schools will reject a 700-scorer for that reason. If you are determined to push into the stratosphere, learn the differences between a 700-scorer and a 760-scorer. A super-high scorer has certain skills and habits,  and you  will need to learn how to develop them. Also, recognize that you might need outside help from a class or tutor to make this leap. My Score Dropped! Have you experienced a big score drop (more than 70 points) on a recent practice test or an official exam? I know you are disappointed, but you are not alone. Your task now is to figure out what went wrong, so that you can take steps to get back to the pre-drop level. Something Else? Finally, if you just cannot figure out what is holding you back, then you likely need the advice of an expert. You can get free advice on various forums (including the MGMAT forums!). You could also take a class or work with a   tutorâ€"this will cost money, of course, but if you have really been banging your head against the wall for a long time, then you might decide the investment is worth it. Share ThisTweet GMAT Impact

Marketing Of Music Recordings And Videos - 1598 Words

Introduction In this delivering case study, the record labels are defined as brands associated with marketing of music recordings and videos. And a planning system is a tool that a record company uses to handle physical products like CDs, albums, and cassettes. In comparison, digital music can be released through different providers, such as Apple iTunes, eMusic, BuyMusic and Rhapsody. From the customer’s perspective, the accuracy and timeliness of a release is critical to achieving customer satisfaction. If customer satisfaction is high, they will without question come back for more business, and the company can benefit from both the return visitors as well as their†¦show more content†¦In the measure phase, the project team created a timeline for implementation. They drew a process map that estimated a 14-week period for a product to move from a creation request to hitting the market. The simple process map indicated the timeline and procedure for a release cycle. In this case, setting up a delivery time was also an evaluation criterion that defined the project’s success (Yuksel, 2012). Based on its strategic imperatives criteria, the project could be awarded a high grade, but it would be much better if the company goes further to explore what other elements need to be built up at the same time to improve the business (Buthmann, 2016). In the Application of Six Sigma Tools Applying the tools and concepts included in the Six Sigma framework correctly while following a logical thought process is a critical success factor of the overall initiative (Bertel, 2016). In this project, the team thoroughly followed the DMAIC method. In the define phase, as we mentioned, a SIPOC diagram was created to show the overall business processes. And a small Loss-Gain table gave us a brief idea of the benefits and losses in both the short and long term. 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Evaluation of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care...

The foundation during the Barack Obama’s campaign for the presidency was the health care reform of the U.S. health care system. It was not until a month later into his presidency in the year 2009 that President Obama addressed the issue of the high rising cost of health care and the millions of people in the United States being uninsured. It was not until March 23th 2010, after much debate that President Barack Obama signed the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA), the U.S. health care reform legislation. The primary objective of the PPACA act is to â€Å"provide quality affordable health care for Americans† (Centers for Medicare Medicaid). Furthermore, the PPACA has the potential to â€Å"improve the role of public programs, improve†¦show more content†¦If this bill becomes a law Americans will have to obtain health insurance since there is a clause in the bill that would mandate them to do so. The consequences of not obtaining health insurance and violating the clause could result in penalties, fines, and even jail time. But some states are using Police Power as a weapon stating that â€Å"States wield what is called police power: the authority to make laws for the health, safety and morality of their people. The federal government, on the other hand, has limited jurisdiction. If the Constitution does not grant a specific power to the federal government, then the 10th Amendment reserves it to the states or the people (Klukowski, Ken).† The government is in no position to make an individual purchase a service. If we compare the PPACA with car insurance, which is required, there is a big argument as to why the government is mandating health insurance. In the case of car insurance, by the act of driving you have other people lives in your hands in the sense that if you get in an accident someone could result dead. 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Starry Dance Signs in the Stars During the Life of Chirst...

â€Å"The heavens declare the glory of God; the skies proclaim the work of his hands† (Psalm 19:1–4). The book Psalms was written by King David, and in this verse he was talking about how the heavens proclaim the glory of God ,but does it really? Yes, the sky really does proclaim the glory of God; there are actually three areas of Christs life when the sky shows signs. The first was when God showed signs of Christs conception. The second sign was when the star of Bethlehem appeared and how it showed Christs birth. The final sign of Christs life was at the crucifixion of Christ. Today we have new technology that allows us to do many incredible things. One of those things is the ability to calculate the stars, where they will go and where†¦show more content†¦We saw His star when it rose and have come to worship Him.† The Magi must have seen something that symbolized king, Jews, and birth (or new). Well, during the first paragraph Jupiter, the king planet p assing Regulas, the king star, inside the lion (sign for the Jewish tribe of Judea) during the Jewish new year Rosh ha-Shanah. This clearly symbolizes king, Jew, and birth (or new). Matthew chapter two also says that the star rises in the east just like most stars. The fourth qualification is that it appeares at an exact time, the fifth king Herod didnt know when it appeared so it couldnt be a supernova or comet or king Herod would have noticed it. The last three qualifications are that the star had to endure over a long period of time, it had to stay in front of the magi as they traveled , and it had to stop over Bethlehem what could meet all these requirements: the king planet Jupiter. The heavens show signs at the beginning of Christs life, but what about the end of Christs life are they there also. Yes, the heavens reveal signs during the crucifixion of Christ, but this time we can know exactly what time the signs match up with the Bible. During the crucifixion Christ there were not only signs in the heavens but also on earth â€Å"At that moment the curtain of the temple was torn in two from top to bottom. The earth shook, the rocks split† (Matthew 27:51). Matthew talks about when they put Jesus on

Marketing and Boost Juice free essay sample

Boost Juice bar formed In the year 2000 with the first store located In Adelaide, south Australia and is now has an international chain of retail outlets that specialize in selling fresh juice. The company now expanded internationally with stores situated in Asia, Europe, Russia and Middle Eastern through the use of franchising. In this report we will explain how boost differentiate its products trom their competitors and discuss the macro-environmental forces that could potentially Impact on the success of the Boost business moving forward. Boost uses customer-driven marketing trategy to differentiate their products, such as Segmentation, Targeting, Differentiation and Positioning to differentiate their products from their competitors. Market Segmentation The market segmentation is used to divide the consumers and group them into smaller segments, each of which can be reached by distinct marketing programme. The concept attempts to reconcile differing customer needs with limited company resources, and allows product and marketing offerings to be adjusted to suit different customer groups (Epetimehin. We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing and Boost Juice or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 011). In this case Boost juice uses Demographic egmentation to market their customers. Demographic Segmentation Demographic segmentation divides the market into segments based on variables such as age, gender, family size, family life cycle, income, occupation, education, religion, race, generation and nationality. Boost juice differentiate its product by using demographic segmentation, they look at age and life cycle stage, gender and generation as seen on the image below. Targeting Differentiation The image above was taken from Boost website; it shows that their products are targeted to all ages and customers life style whether athletic or business life. They also aim at both genders since they both need boost Juice in their dally lifestyle and finally generation as mentioned in the image, boost mostly target Gen Y because this generation is drinking a lot of soda and have obesity which is unhealthy, this is what makes this Gen Y targetable by boostjuice as it will benefit them since truit/vegetable juice have vitamins and minerals and help them go on a diet. They mostly target healthy beings this is shown through their vibe club where members can do activities and be rewarded by boost. Also on their website they have a section about health it xplains the benefits of each fruits and why should you drink them. Brand differentiation means that a company or a group of companies sell identical or nearly identical products under different names. These brands have unique identification a name or a logo that consumers recognize and trust. Bernitz, Ulf 1981). When we think of the brand Boost Juice bars, we think that something they produce will boost our daily lifestyle and provide us energy. Boost have their slogan live guilt free with boost, the company has a passion for healthy mind and body so uch they emphasis on only using fresh ingredients with no preservatives and nothing artificial or fake,. With slogan and brand name customers are being valued and they will surely return and tell others about the brand Boost. This differentiation will make customers definitely go purchase fruit Juice from boost instead of their competitors called Top Juice as they do not have a slogan saying they use fresh ingredient with no preservatives. Positioning Positioning is the way a product is defined by consumers on important attributes: the lace the product occupies in consumers mind relative to competing products. (Armstrong, G, Adam, S, Denize S Kotler P, 2012) Below will be a graph showing the positioning On the above graph that IVe constructed are based on my knowledge of Boost and its main competitor Top Juice. I placed Boost Juice top because customers are being most valued by them, their slogan live guilt free with boost, and their statement no preservatives and nothing artificial or fake has created customer value than their competitor Top Juice who has not provided any slogan they Just state that their roducts are fresh and premium however they didnt state whether they have juice at an affordable price while Top Juice provides not so good quality however priced being low which is why they are placed bottom in positioning. This shows the how Boost products is differentiated from their competitors. Macro-environmental factors Macro-environmental factors are external entities that affect the business such as economic factor, environmental and threat of rivalry/competitors factors. These factors potentially impact on the success of the boost Juice business moving forward. Economic Factor Economic plays a huge effect on Boost business moving forward, if the economics of a country has decreased then the business within that country will suffer as consumers are not willing to pay a lot for a product this factor can impact boost into moving forward. Environmental Factor Environmental factor has a huge impact on the success of boost moving forward, since boost Juice relies on the harvesting of natural fruit and vegetables which is Australian grown. If the natural disaster occurs there will be shortage of fruits and egetable which means that boost Juice will sell less of their products in high value, this will not attract customers and will not move forward as a business. Threat of rivalry/competitors Factor This factor plays a huge role in macro-environmental factors; it can affect boost business moving forward a lot, there are new competitors to the market such as Top juice which is a Juice bar producing fresh Juice. Boost will need to produce new marketing concepts in order to differentiate themselves from their competitors; if they dont act sooner they wont move forward.

The Major Transition Seen in the Story of Tom Brennan free essay sample

The major transition seen in the story of Tom Brennan is from the start of the novel where Tom is isolated to see him develop to his renewed self, their fore successfully transitioned into the world. We will write a custom essay sample on The Major Transition Seen in the Story of Tom Brennan or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The audience first see’s this transition when he speaks to his sister Kylie. Often people look to others for support and help for a successful transition into the world. Another major transition is the physical running with Brennan which is metaphorical for training to enter a new world. This transition is described by J. C. Burke in descriptive language, dialogue, metaphors and idiomatic first person narration. In the movie crash by Paul Haggis and the RTA ad ghost boy explore similar techniques to display successful and unsuccessful transitions into the world. Burke uses descriptive language in order for the audience to relate to Toms inner struggles with guilt. Guilt can be the most destructive emotion and disables any hope of transitioning into the world. Burke describes Toms guilt as â€Å"that night was etched into the bones of my skull† this shows the audience the pernancy of the memory and the pain and suffering endured with the memory. The audience feels at this point of the book that Tom will not transition into the world. But in comparing this quote to the final quote â€Å"and that’s the day Tom Brennan came back forever† shows a triumph that the imagery of having memories â€Å"etched into the bones of my skull† contrasts and shows that the transition was possible. However some individuals have these etched memories remaining in the bones of [their] brain an example in the RTA ad ghost boy where the main character keeps seeing the boy he killed in a car crash. Numerous life occasions of the man show his guilt and pain through the destructive expression on his face. It is evident that the transition into the world was not made for the main character in ghost boy as the memory of killing the little boy is still â€Å"etched† into his life and mind. This must be over come just like Tom and Kylie have in different pathways in order to transition into the world successfully and guilt free. Tom acts as Moral support for Kylie as she makes her transition into the world, but this mentoring also acts as a peak of change in Toms self actualisation which enables his own transition into the world. Burke communicated the evolution into the world with dialogue between Kylie and Tom â€Å"I feel so†¦ so†¦ guilty† the ellipse provokes empathy from the audience as it shows Kylie is struggling to admit the guilt that weighs her down. To transition into the world successfully guilt must be overcome. Tom supports Kylie in overcoming her guilt as he says â€Å"it’s no ones fault† this comforts Kylie as she is assured that she is not to blame. However through releasing Kylie of much guilt Tom himself realises that nobody is to blame. This comprehension is told though first person narration of Toms idiomatic genuine voice. He sees his sister not coping and in helping her, helps himself. This is a significant moment that shows transition as it shows Tom has come to terms that no one is to blame, he has over come. Guilt is overcome in the movie crash as Ryan who molests Christine overcame the guilt he felt through saving her life. The heroic nature of Ryan crawling into a burning car supported with triumphant music expresses this release of guilt by helping others may it be saving ones life or telling them â€Å"it’s no ones fault†. Helping others can often enables ones self to make a successful transition into the world.

The Double Helix essays

The Double Helix essays Life is not easy for any of us. But what of that? We must have perseverance and above all confidence in ourselves. We must believe that we are gifted for something, and that this thing, at whatever cost, must be attained. Madam Curie There has always been a gender bias in society. In the past women were not allowed to go to school or any place that would benefit them educationally. They were the caretakers and homemakers of society and this remained so for a very long period of time. Then there was the Womens Rights movement and women began to fight for an equal right to do anything that men were allowed to do. The hardest part of this fight was actually going against the odds and doing the opposite of what men felt that they should do no matter what was said. A great example of this is the gender issues between Rosalind Franklin and the men of Cambridge during the time when the structure of DNA was still In James Watsons publication of The Double Helix Watson tells the story of the issues that were present during the race for DNA. There were a total of five main players when it came down to who was the closest to discovering the double helix. Of these five players, there was only one woman, Rosalind Franklin. Franklin was a woman playing in a mans world. She was an excellent crystallographer and was not easily bended when it came to her work. While studying at Cambridge she was asked by a fellow scientist, Maurice Wilkins, to teach him the techniques of crystallography, but she refused. Thus she was known as a troublemaker for refusing to help him. In the book it is said that she did not exhibit her feminine qualities, Though her features were strong she was not unattractive and might have been quite stunning had she taken even a mild interest in her clothes. This she did not. (p23) this is to say that perhaps ...

Advance Management accounting and performance management Essay

Advance Management accounting and performance management - Essay Example Moreover, the demand will extensively rise next year due to the Olympic Games that will be hosted in the region (Heather, 2000). Therefore, a fitness club is the best business venture that can transform the Olympic Village post the Olympic Games that commence in 2012. Besides, initiating a fitness club is a fun and financially paying business that assists people get and remain strong, healthy and fit. Owning such a business enables an individual own an artistic and resourceful business in a recession-resistant field. This business entails providing fitness services, which include individual training services, and BFIT rehab, which refers to a physical rehabilitation service. The club will also sell a range of nutritional, fitness and health products. These include the company’s own BFIT nutritionals at its stores that will be exclusive in the center (Curtis, 2003). The facilities that must be present at Rollin Fitness Center include cardio training equipments like 50Kg Barbell Dumbbell set, magnum fitness flat and auto incline treadmill; strength equipments like BNRG Proto Whey 5Lbs, power rack and smith machine and bench package. Most gyms in Europe especially in UK charge ?500 to ?700 a month but to increase competitiveness, Rollin Fitness Center should charge ?450 to ?500 a month. ... Per Unit Cost Statement It is very difficult to come up with per unit cost for a fitness club since the center offers more of service than goods (Jeff, 2004). The best way to go about it is through coming up with an hourly cost statement for any person who visits the center for fitness services. Now that monthly cost is like ?500, weekly cost will be; Monthly cost/ four (number of weeks in a month) ?500/4 Weekly cost = ?125 Daily cost = ?125/7 Daily cost = 17.86 which is approximately ?18 per person Now, to determine the hourly cost for attending the gym, the daily cost should be divided by the number of hours the center operates in a day (Curtis, 2003). Rollin Fitness Center should be opened at 8 in the morning and closed at 6 in the evening which amounts to 10 hours per day. Therefore; ?18/10 Hourly cost = ?1.8 per person This is the best way to put the charges since most people like spending few hours in the gym. Besides, since the Olympic Games are around the corner, most of the participants in the Olympic Games will only afford to spend few hours in the gym and that is the best cost for them (Kirk, 2000). Seven-year Budget Income Statement Year Number of people/day Daily income Monthly income Annual income Revenue (per year) Spent on operations Total relevant income/profit 2012 50 ?90 ?2700 ?32400 ?1000 ?5000 ?26400 2013 80 ?144 ?4320 ?51840 ?1100 ?6000 ?44740 2014 100 ?180 ?5400 ?64800 ?1200 ?7000 ?56600 2015 120 ?216 ?6480 ?77760 ?1200 ?8000 ?68560 2016 140 ?252 ?7560 ?90720 ?1300 ?8000 ?81420 2017 160 ?288 ?8640 ?103680 ?1500 ?9000 ?93180 2018 180 ?324 ?9720 ?116640 ?1500 ?9000 ?106140 N/B the amount spent on operations and revenue charged

Write a research paper on the concept of jihad Thesis

Write a research paper on the concept of jihad - Thesis Example it means duty mindedness, groups interpret the same as a tool to exert their influence, individuals consider it as their duty, the U.S authorities interpret it as the influence of fundamentalism on religious belief and the reason behind terrorism, Muslim world considers it as the core aspect of their belief, and the rest of the world considers it as the reason behind religious intolerance or fundamentalism. This section of the research work is divided as: jihad, differences in meaning, for groups and individuals, implication of jihad for the U.S., implication of jihad for the Muslim world, and implication of jihad for the rest of the world. Basically, the word jihad possesses inner meaning, i.e. duty mindedness of the believers. To be specific, this word denotes the inner struggle faced by the believers while proving their devotion to the almighty. On the other side, Shia Muslims interpret this word differently because they consider that it is their duty act against the infidels in general. Gilles Kepel states that, â€Å"By designating, in the Muslim context, all efforts to propagate Islam as â€Å"jihad†, in their eyes the word comes to signify a holy war against all â€Å"infidels† who they stigmatize as such† (x). To be specific, this sect of Muslims provides importance to the violent aspect of jihad. When one provides importance to the inner struggle faced by the believers, jihad becomes non-violent. When one provides importance to the exhibition of physical struggle, jihad is misinterpreted and misunderstood as a violent act. Still, some followers consider that spiritual struggle cannot help one to be with the almighty. Then, the violent aspect of jihad gains upper hand and results in drastic after effects. When the term jihad is superimposed into the context of religious belief, one can see that the same is less violent. Then, the struggle against the disbelievers will be transformed into the struggle to transform the society. In the religious text, jihad is

A Study On Media And Audiences Media Essay

A Study On Media And Audiences Media Essay With the coming of year 2010, the definition of â€Å"media† itself has changed the term of media now applies to many new communication technologies and many traditional media format has applied new technology to meet the needs of audiences. Thus technology and innovation have expanded media options for the public and audience, while the audience itself has changed in this new media age. The calling into question their role in democracy since many of these new media are essentially not â€Å"mass† any more (Sunstein, 2001). In light of this, â€Å"media use† should be re-conceptualized to include active and interactive, and not only passive, behavior on the part of the audience. The aim of this essay is to answer the question â€Å"In what ways do changing media formats and technologies present challenges to how audiences have been traditionally conceptualized?† author will answer the question by investigate the recent literatures and find out what resear chers recently consider the new audience and new media environment. The essay will go through the issues include the new media environment which focus on internet/online media; the notion of new audience whether the notion of audience has been changed, a comparison between historical audience and new audience will be conduct in the article; some audience theories will also be addressed in the essay such as reception theory and audience active theory, to take a look into these theory may be useful to analyse whether this theory still match the todays situation; challenge of new audience research will be the last part of the article, in this part, author will take an analysis based on the research work done by Livingstone (2004). It shows the challenges facing by audience and media research before and in the new age. By analyse those issues related with new media and new audience, there may be an answer to meet the question which be raised in the aim of the essay. Changing media environment We are in the midst of a digital revolution that is giving way to a â€Å"new information environment† (Bimber, 2003). We are facing the world with a moving target as once-new media become familiar and eve-never media emerge. The common feature of those new media is internet based. The internet made everything possible and changed peoples behavior after it emerged. Manuel Castells has argued that the flows dominate contemporary life in his book The Information Age, ‘our society is constructed around flows, flows of capital, flows of information, flows of technology, flows of organizational interaction, flows of images, sounds, and symbols (Castells, 2000: 442) the emerging of new media or the new format of media accelerate the liquidity of the world. For media user, you can whether read news on newspaper on the way to work or open the mobile phone and connect to the internet and read the news you are most interested in and check your email box anytime you want. You can also whether check the program schedule on newspaper and waiting for the program broadcast on television or just open your laptop and go to BBC website and watch the favorite drama anytime and any episode. When your tutor suggest s you to purchase a text book, you can whether go the high street book store or just go to Amazon.co.uk to buy a book in relevant cheap price. Those available choices indicate that the media environment has been changed, Producer like government, business, broadcast institution or press industry are taking advantage of internet and new technologies as it can be more globalised and fast disseminate to audiences in every corner of the world. Its different from traditional mass media but a more interactive media, most importantly, converging with new media to create a complex media-rich and liquid environment. Online media environment With no doubt, we are in the internet age now. Even in the media industry, almost every traditional mass media format has a new internet based version, online broadcast, online journal, online TV, online newspaper, online news, online games, online advertising etc. it shows both producer and audience are highly demand on the new technology based media because of the common features of those newly medium have such as convenient, easy to access and of course interactivity. â€Å"Web 2.0† is one of most important technology in newly internet space or cyberspace. Pew gave a definition of Web 2.0 the ability of people to use a range of information and communication technology as a platform to express themselves online and participate in the commons of cyberspace is often heralded as the next phase of the information society. (Pew, 2007: 2) Web 2.0 enhanced the interactivity of audience when they use online media and made them more active when they consumption news or other information. The example of famous media website which takes advantage of web 2.0 is www.youtube.com. People can not only watch video clip on it but also they can rating and leave comments on it. The hot video clips on home page usually depend on the rate of click. Moreover, people can upload their own video to the website and share the video with friends or people all over the world. At this time, audiences convert to producers. The chart below presents the result of a survey conducted in 2004 for investigate whether people prefer online or offline media to obtain information. From the chart we may find out the advantages of online media. Sources: Frank Magid Association, Online Publisher Association, â€Å"Multichannel Media Brands,† 2004. www.online-publisher.org Although the data are gathered in 5 years ago, it dose shows the advantages of online media, people can find what they want easy and quick on internet rather than search on a news paper or television. However people in 2004 feels that use offline media are more enjoyable and satisfying. It indicates that traditional media cannot be replaced by the online media. One thing need to be mentioned is people consider both online and offline media are the same when they consider which is more reliable and trustworthy. It is different in my country, in China; most people prefer trust online media rather than offline media controlled by government. News media Take news consumption as an example. People traditionally obtain news and information from newspaper and TV News broadcast channel. But nowadays, the internet version of newspaper becomes more and more adoptable for audience. JOEY KA-CHING CHAN and LOUIS LEUNG (2005:7) suggested ‘online news media distinguish themselves from traditional media in a number of ways: they are interactive; they offer convenience, which embodies easy access, searchable features and the ability to cross-reference through hyperlinking; and they provide multimedia features. Being interactive is a important feature for new media, audience are not only passive receive messages but engage with the news event and trying to explore what happening behind news by search related news on the internet. Matt Carlson (2007) mentioned the rise of online news search engines allows users to set their own parameters governing the section of news according to personal preference. Matt took Google News as an example in h is article and states that Google news always reports a story from different side of view which may force the authority to be more democracy. ‘I want this to be a force for a democracy. One of the things that makes us objective is we show all points of view. Even if you disagree with one, we give you both the majority and the minority point of view. The ones you dont agree with are education. Its nice to know what the other side is thinking. Youll see left-leaning ones as much as much as you see right-leaning ones. Frankly, the software doesnt know the difference between left and right, which is good. (quoted in Kramer, 2003: n.p.) it just like King (1998: 26) argued that interactivity not only describe the high level of control and interactive with content but also present the increasing interactive with news producer such as feedback availability. Audience nowadays becomes more and more powerful in this new media environment. Audiences in historical perspective Before discuss the challenge of conceptualize new audience, it is necessary to take a look into audiences in history. Marie Gilespie (2005: 14) gives us a brief introduction of this perspective. He suggests in most research about media and communication in twentieth century, the researcher usually focus on todays media and todays audiences with the popular medium like television. However, the idea of the audience can be traced back to ancient times. And Marie think it is important to learn the lesson from history when something can be similar or entirely new ‘In history, audience means a face-to-face audience in the presence of a communicator or entertainer, whether at a political meeting, the theatre or a concert (Marie 2005: 14) Denis McQuail (1997: 3) use classical Graeco-Roman audience definition to identify the audiences feature today: Planning and organization of viewing and listening, as well as of the performances themselves Events with a public and popular character Secular content of performance-for entertainment, education and vicarious emotional experiences Voluntary, individual acts of choice and attention Specialization of roles of authors, performers and spectators Physical locatedness of performances and spectator experience We can find that some of the features of Graeco-Roman audience are similar with todays audience in mass media environment. The only obviously difference is mass media eliminated the limitation of co-location. Even in todays internet media background, some of the features above still match the todays audience, that is, no matter media environment changes, there are some characteristics will not change. This not means there will be no challenge to conceptualized new audience in new environment based on new technology. The aim of discussing the historical media audience is to find the link between history and nowadays society. Although the environment and technology has changed a lot, there are still many common features maintained from ancient time to mass media age and from mass media age to new media age. Changing audiences ‘From a coach potato to cybernauts is the title of Eugenia Siapera(2004)s article. The author analyse the change of television audiences to online audience. The article focuses on the broadcasters website such as BBC Channel to investigate the relationship of audience online and offline (TV broadcast). It is the fact that people gradually adopt into the new media environment. And it begins to change the notion of audience. Siapera (2004: 15) suggested the notion of audience has been expanded by the inter-media. The audience has been hitherto most interactive in the digital media age. (Rob cover 2006: 16) ‘Coach potato usually describe people who always sitting behind television and watch TV program. This image usually presents more passive way of people receive message from producer. However audience becomes more and more active. The new technology offers different platform for audience to interact with other audiences or the producer. Take fandom as example, Audiences no wadays can easily form or find a fan club on website such as blogging and forum, more over the broadcasts website usually design and develop the certain function to allow audience track their favorite star or program (Siapera 2004: 09) For example, ‘EastEnders (the BBCs soap opera and one of the most developed programme sites: http://www.bbc.co.uk/eastenders/) has regular updates on what is happening in the soap, a chat room, newsletter, message board, and voting on what should happen to characters/storylines. The producer may be influenced by the audience opinions to adjust the storyline or what happened next to gain more audiences support. It is what I mentioned before that audience can interact and influence the producer in the new media age. The channel established by producer on internet made audiences more easily to send their feedback to the producer. The reason why producer take audiences opinions serious is because in todays world, the audience can be seen as consumer , ‘I suggested, is adopted by those who conceptualize the audience as a market (Livingstone 1998a) and the profitability of program is only standard to justify whether it should be continue or stop. Some American drama can continue make and broadcast for many seasons such as ‘Friends but some are not. ‘The ultimate power of internet fandom is in controlling the actual life and death of a series. For fans of a show, that power is usually in the hands of a network executive or, for a syndicated series, a production company. (Victor Costello and Barbara Moore 2007: 16) It depends on whether there are many audiences like it or not. It again, indicates that audience being more and more powerful which can influence both producer and context. Reception under new media environment The phenomena stressed above may challenge the traditional reception theory in mass media age. Reception theory points out that ‘Audience interpretations or decoding have been found to diverge depending on viewers socio-economic position, gender, ethnicity, and so forth, while the possibilities for critical or oppositional reading are anticipated, enabled or restricted by the degree of closure encoded into the text or genre.'(Marie Gillespie 2005: 40) Audience reception research towards television study revealed parallel connections between the conventions of television and viewers decoding strategies like the soap opera viewer builds up an understanding of the characters, puzzles over the secrets, eagerly anticipates the cliff-hanger, guesses the outcome of a subplot, recalls when appropriate the significant events from past episodes, etc., all in accordance with the conventions of the genre (Livingstone, 1998). It just like Cultural theorist Stuart Hall suggested in his theor y of encoding and decoding. He argued that audiences not just passive accept text but people can create their own mean of the text and the communication process should not be linear model such sender-message-receiver model rose by Shannon. The following chart is Halls Encoding and Decoding model, in the model, hall stressed the meaning of a text is not inherent within the text itself, but is created within the relationship between the text and the reader. We may find that even the halls model neglected the relationship between sender and receiver. As I mentioned before, the audience nowadays can influence the producer. So I suggest that todays communication process is a loop which every element in the process can be influenced by other elements. And nowadays, with the internet developed, the relationship between the text and the reader may convert to between the text and reader and other readers. Take times online as example, reader may write comments towards specific news and share the comment with other reader. The interactions within those readers which may influence the result by interpret the meaning of text. The two step flow theory also has been challenged by new media age as the process of decentralized the authority. The internet enhanced the availability of information flow. If people may express their opinion on the public space on the internet, Twitter can be a good example; audiences are more and more interested in tracking what other peoples point of views. At the same time the power of opinion leader becomes more and more declined. It is one of the reason why Twitter and youtube.com being successful. Audience Selectivity and Involvement in the New Media Environment With no doubt, the newer media environment enables audience to be more active, it not only means that audiences have muti-channels on the new cable television but also suggests that audiences nowadays have a wide range of medium choice. Perse (1990: 3) argues there are two dimensions of audience activity. The first one is a qualitative component and describes type of activity. It includes selectivity, evolvement, and utility. Audiences can easily target what they want to receive from the new media such as internet. Take online news as example, www.bbc.co.uk allows audience to customize their own home page. People can choose the type of news or information they may interest in and put them together on the home page of BBC website like the picture below: It has been changed a lot from traditional ‘one to many model to ‘one to one model which means highly customized and personalized design based on the cookie technology and web 2.0. The new media technology can help you to filter what you may not like and try to enhanced personal relevance with their audiences. And audiences become more selective and evolve with the context they received. Livingstone (2004: 6) suggested that the new media environment expended the range of issue and arguments in ‘active audience theory. Audiences or the media user become more active which means they are more selective, self-directed. Can new media environment blurry the boundary of being a producer and receiver. Changing relationship between audiences and producers A growing number of ordinary citizens are actively producing media content, challenging these traditional notions. We have seen an unprecedented level of citizen participation in media content-making, with the prevalence and use of blogs, chat rooms, forums, and citizen journalism (Bowman Willis, 2005). The â€Å"former audience,† a term coined by Dan Gillmor (2006), is now actively participating in content generation for a greater variety of media on a scale we have never seen before. Those large numbers of people are able to be more involved in the news and content making process itself. Typical media use is more active and interactive than it has been in the days when a handful of companies controlled content and dissemination. Consequently, the once distinct roles of â€Å"the elite producers of content and the mass consumers of content† are shifting, and the â€Å"distinction between producers and consumers of content† is blurring (Howard, 2004, p.11). A Pew study found 57% of teens who use the Internet create content online (Pew, 2005). People use digital media to share their favorite news and information with others, by emailing or posting on other sites. Until May of 2008, youtube.com and facebook.com ranked 3rd and 4th most visited website on internet. This information indicates audience keen on produce their own video or context on internet and express themselves which also means there has been a shift in power from large media institution to ordinary people. Challenging of audience study in new media age Livingstone (2004: pointed out three main challenges which audience research facing for recent age. Those challenges include the gap between what people say and what people do in real life and the unclearly relationship between text and reader, for example the reception theory and the debate on the process of encoding and decoding and also the question of media effects which may influence audiences. Furthermore, the demographic factor should be considered in audience research just like other social science diversified audience from different demographic background may interpret the same message differently. Those challenges have been existed in mass media age. The question is dose the challenge will be modified in new media or their will be some new challenge towards internet/online media age? Livingstone (2004) gives us the answer in his article called the ‘challenge of changing audience he suggests that all the old challenges towards mass media research still exist, and in s ome extent the challenges has been magnified in todays internet media background. It is more and more difficult to find out what online audience practices in their private space such as their bedroom. What they said on online chatting room may totally different with their own behavior in real life. This type of real practices or experiences is hard to record compare with to investigate the audience in a public space such as Movie Theater. Even to research family television experiences in audiences living room is more achievable than to investigate the online audience as Livingstone argues that online audience and online experience is more personal and private. It leads to the difficulties when conduct observation and interview research. Despite the issue of privacy, the cookie may be a good tool to track online audiences behavior when they surfing on the internet. It may track what part or type of website are most frequently being click by online user, this technology now being widely used in website design, such as www.amazon.com, the most famous online book ret ailer, customized the home page when people login to the website. There will be some book on the suggestion list which based on you pervious practice like keyword scan or the book you being purchase. The second challenge raised by Livingstone is about the relationship between text and reader. He suggested when this challenge met the online media environment, it brings both practical and theoretical problem. Not like data collected from traditional mass media, new media researcher need to process uncountable data gathered from internet to analyse the relationship between the text and the audiences. In addition, large portion of data are temporary and mean less. More over the notion of text itself has been modified in some extent in online environment. For most of online user (include online media researcher), they have no idea with the hypertext. It is the source of the online content, producer or website designer develop the online world by this hypertext rather than the text we familiar with in real life. Again, the blurring of producer and audience also can be seen as a challenge to research in to the relationship between the text and receiver as the notion of receiver itself has been changed. The last point draw by Livingstone is about moral panic related with online media such as the question about whether internet will result harm to young people or children. This challenge has been inherited from television age. Researchers tried to identify the harm towards young audience caused by the violent movie, TV program, comics or other threatens factors. ‘At present, these moral panic centre on the internet, with anxiety expressed about violent, stereotyped, commercially exploitative or pornographic content and about the reinforcement of individualistic, lazy, prejudice, uncritical or aggressive actions. (Gillespie 2005: 12-13) Compare with traditional media, internet is more accessible for any resource on the virtual world. It is the reason why some researchers prefer to ban the online media rather than to take an in-depth research towards it. Take online game in China as an example. The famous MMORPG World of Warcraft is quite popular within Chinese player. 5 million accounts have been created in this online game in Chinese mainland. Many young people spent much time on playing online game in the virtual world. This phenomena draws socialist attention, they worries about those young people may be affected by the violence game like World of Warcraft, however most of them just want ban this online game in China without doing any research on other related area to investigate why young people addicted to this game. Some so called ‘psychologist even use electric shock to ‘help those young online game addicts. Doubtless, challenges faced by new media research can be trace back to history, however some new problems gradually out and beginning to be addressed (Hine 2000) Conclusions We are now in the liquid world. The new information environment, enabled by digital technology (internet), has changed the relationship between audience and media. Although the new audience still maintain some features from traditional audience, some new features of audience has been addressed by new media researcher. Audiences are becoming less passive and more in control of the use of media platform. They can be more selective and evolved with new media they can decide when, where and what type of the information they need to engages with. Audience now my decoding context better while they share their comments with other audience, also if they want, audience can convert to producer and create their own content on cyberspace. The classical audience theory need to be modified to suit the new environment such as the encoding and decoding process, as the audience becomes more powerful than ever before, they can influence the producer and messages producer created that is the communica tion process in new media age should pay more attention the interactive between producer and audiences. In addition, the two-step flow model has been challenged in online environment as audience nowadays are less influenced by opinion leader but peer review on internet offered by other audience. In the new media environment, the challenges, both old and new problems, which media researcher facing still exist. It is difficult for researcher to record online audiences practice and their experiences since the privacy of online behavior. In addition the new model of text hypertext becomes a challenge for explore the relationship between text and receive in new media environment. Moreover some researchers consider the online media can harm for young people and been a threat to society. It leads them to be more reluctant to do more complex research into this area. The analysis of the issue in this article suggests that even if most features of audience and media which addressed in past r esearch still suit todays situation, the changes in media technology and format do cause the challenges about how we conceptualize audiences. Reference Marie Gillespie (2004) Media Audiences, Open University Press, Chapter 1 pp40 Livingstone, S. (2003) ‘The Changing Nature of Audiences: From the Mass Audience to the Interactive Media User, pp. 337-59 The Blackwell Companion to Media Research. Oxford: Blackwell. Livingstone, S. (1998) Making Sense of Television: The Psychology of Audience Interpretation, 2nd edn. London: Routledge Hine, C. (2000) Virtual Ethnography. London: Sage. Hall,S.(1980) ‘Encoding/Decoding in Hall, S., Hobson, D., Lowe, A. and Willis, P. Culture, Media, Language, London, Hutchinson Bimber, B. (2000). The study of information technology and civic engagement. Political Communication. 17:329-333 Livingstone S. (2004). The Challenge of Changing Audiences: Or, What is the Audience Researcher to Do in the Age of the Internet? European Journal of Communication, Mar 2004; 19: 75 86. Livingstone, S, (1998a) ‘Audience Research at the Crossroads, European Journal of Cultural Studies 1(2): 193-217. Sonia Livingstone (2006) The Influence of Personal Influence on the Study of Audiences. The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 2006; 608; 233 ROB COVER (2006) Audience inter/active: Interactive media, narrative control and reconceiving audience history.New Media Society 2006; 8; 139 Joey Ka-Ching Chan, Louis Leung (2005). Lifestyles, reliance on traditional news media and online news adoption. New Media Society, Vol. 7, No. 3, 357-382. Frank Magid Association (2004). Online Publisher Association, â€Å"Multichannel Media Brands,† www.online-publisher.org Sunstein, C. (2001). Republic.com. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. Pew Internet American Life Project (2007, May 7). A Typology of Information and Communication Technology Users Bowman, S. C. Willis (2005). The future is here, but do news media companies see it? Nieman Reports, 59(4):5-9 Howard, P.N. (2004). Deep democracy, thin citizenship: The impact of digital media in political campaign strategy. Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Sciences, 597:1-17. Matt Carlson (2007). BLOGS AND JOURNALISTIC AUTHORITY: The role of blogs in US Election. Journalism Studies, Volume 8, Issue 2 April 2007, pages 264 279 Kramer, S. (2003) ‘Google News Creator Watches Portal Quiet Critics With â€Å"Best News† Webby, Online Journalism Review 25 September, King, E. (1998) ‘Redefining Relationships: Interactivity Between News Producers and Consumers, Convergence 4(4): 26-32. Victor Costello and Barbara Moore (2007) Cultural Outlaws: An Examination of Audience Activity and Online Television Fandom. Television New Media 2007; 8; 124 ELIZABETH M. PERSE. (1990). Audience Selectivity and Involvement in the Newer Media Environment. Communication Research 1990; 17; 675 Eugenia Siapera. (2004). From couch potatoes to cybernauts? The expanding notion of the audience on TV channels websites. New Media Society 2004; 6; 155 Fernando Bermejo (2009) Audience manufacture in historical erspective: from broadcasting to Google.New Media Society 2009; 11; 133 Alexa Traffic Rank for YouTube (three month average). Alexa Internet. http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/youtube.com. Retrieved 2009-08-26. Accessed @ 15th Dec 2009 http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/comment/columnists/guest_contributors/article6900001.ece#comment-have-your-say Accessed @ 1st Nov 2009 http://media-ucn.co.uk/Lecture%20notes/EncodingDecoding%20Lecture.htm Accessed @ 6th Jan 2010

Soliloquies Essay - Importance of the First Soliloquy in Macbeth

Importance of the First Soliloquy in Macbeth      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Following king Duncan's arrival at Inverness, Macbeth delivers his first major soliloquy. This speech summarizes his reasons for not wanting to commit murder. It is also an image of the plot of Macbeth, as it foreshadows the chain of events that is to follow the murder of Duncan. Although Macbeth knows that he cannot "trammel up the consequence" of Duncan's murder and that his actions will have repercussions, he commits the murder and continues to kill; thus is Macbeth shown to be a weak character who can be easily convinced to perform terrible deeds. Although this is not apparent before the predictions, the moments following them and his homecoming demonstrate Macbeth's own vulnerability. The important speech that he delivers summarizes the results of Duncan's murder, and the multitude of murders following this all follow suit. Macbeth's eventual deterioration is inevitable.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Near the beginning of the play, Macbeth is portrayed as a brave soldier and a noble officer in the king's army. He successfully leads the attack upon the invading forces of Macdonwald, the Thane of Cawdor, and Sweno, king of Norway. He is killing upon the order of another, in this case, the king: "[Macbeth] Like valour's minion carv'd out his passage/Till he fac'd the slave" (I.ii.19-20). Macbeth here appears as a powerful warlord who, although at times seems bloodthirsty, is effective in destroying the foe. Before his meeting with the witches, we have a rather clean view of him; he is a "good" man.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   When Macbeth and Banquo stumble onto the barren plateau where the w... ...e manipulated. While he can figure and rationalize alone, outside influences such as Lady Macbeth and the witches change his actions and skew his thoughts. This weakness of character was particularly unacceptable in Macbeth's time, when men were meant to be full of both mental and physical fortitude. Macbeth was a great man, but his tragic fault was his undoing, for a man of his power could not survive in those times without much more moral strength than he had.    Bibliography    Primary Source:    Shakespeare, William. Macbeth. Coles Total Study Edition. Toronto: Coles, 1992.    Secondary Sources:      Ã‚   1. Coles Editorial Board. "Marginal Notes to Macbeth," Macbeth. Total Study Edition. Toronto: Coles, 1992.      Ã‚   2. Coles Editorial Board. Macbeth Notes. Toronto: Coles, 1992.   

Socratic Seminar Questions Tkam

Period 6 Nieto Socratic Seminar Questions TKAM1) Discuss Atticus’s parenting style. What is his relationship to his children like? How does he seek to instill conscience in them? a. Atticus is a wise man, committed to justice and equality, and his parenting style is based on fostering these virtues in his children—he even encourages Jem and Scout to call him â€Å"Atticus† so that they can interact on terms as equal as possible. Throughout the novel, Atticus works to develop Scout’s and Jem’s respective consciences, through both teaching, as when he tells Scout to put herself in a person’s shoes before she judges them. 2) Analyze the trial scene and its relationship to the rest of the novel. b. To Kill a Mockingbird explores the questions of innocence and harsh experience, good and evil, from several different angles. Tom Robinson’s trial explores these ideas by examining the evil of racial prejudice, its ability to poison an otherwise admirable Southern town and destroy an innocent man, and its effect on young Jem and Scout. 3) Discuss the author’s portrayal of the black community and the characters of Calpurnia and Tom Robinson. Are they realistic or idealized? c. The black community in Maycomb is quite idealized, especially in the scenes at the black church and in the â€Å"colored balcony† during the trial. Lee’s portrayal of the black community isn’t unrealistic or unbelievable; it is important to point out, however, that she emphasizes all of the good qualities of the community without ever pointing out any of the bad ones. The black community is shown to be loving, affectionate, welcoming, pious, honest, hardworking, and close-knit. Calpurnia and Tom, members of this community, possess remarkable dignity and moral courage. 4) Explain why Jem crys when the hole in the tree is filled with cement? d. Boo Radley uses the knothole in the tree to leave gifts for Jem and his sister Scout. This is his only way to connect with them as he keeps himself isolated in the house. Seeing Mr Radley fill the hole with cement is like filling in the hole between their two worlds and Jem is sad to lose this link. 5) When is Scout first exposed to â€Å"the real world† of racism and inequality? e. Chapter 10 when Cecil Jacobs talks about niggers and when she gets in the fight with fransis 6) Although Atticus did not want his children in court, he defends Jem's right to know what has happened. Explain, in your own words, Atticus's reasons for this f. Atticus feels that the adults have made the world the way that it is and the children have to learn to live in that world. They can’t hide from it and need to be exposed to it as early as possible. 7) Miss Maudie tells Jem that â€Å"things are never as bad as they seem. † What reasons does she give for this view? g. She names all of the people who helped Tom Robinson, such as the black community, Atticus, and Judge Taylor. 8) Why does Bob Ewell feel so angry with Atticus? Do you think his threat is a real one, and how might he try to â€Å"get† Atticus? h. He feels Atticus made him look bad in front of the entire town. This threat was meant to get a reaction from Atticus; however, Atticus just kept his head up. 9) What do you think of Atticus's reaction to Bob Ewell's challenge? Should he have ignored Bob, retaliated or done something else? i. He did the right thing by walking away. Bob was looking for a fight and Atticus wouldn’t give it to him. 10) What does Atticus tell Scout about why the jury took so long to convict Tom? j. He tells her that a Cunningham was on the jury and didn’t want to convict. The jury actually had to think about the conviction before they did it because the case was based on purely circumstantial evidence. 11) Why does Aunt Alexandra accept that the Cunninghams may be good but are not â€Å"our kind of folks†? Do you think that people should mix only with others of the same social class? k. She tells Scout that they are not people that the Finch family should associate with because they are lower class. People should be able to socialize with whoever they want, even if they are in a different social class. 12) Compare the reactions of Miss Maudie and the other ladies when Scout says she is wearing her â€Å"britches† under her dress. l. Miss Maudie takes Scout seriously and only laughs at Scout when she intends to be funny. The other ladies choose to make fun of Scout. 13) How, in this chapter, do we see Aunt Alexandra in a new light? How does Miss Maudie support her? m. Aunt Alexandra shows concern for Atticus and Tom. Miss Maudie gives her a pep talk and gets her to go back to the meeting. 14) Explain the contrast Scout draws between the court where Tom was tried and â€Å"the secret courts of men's hearts†. In what way are hearts like courts? n. In a true court of law everyone should receive a fair trial, but people’s hearts are not dictated by law; they are dictated by feeling. 15) In her lesson on Hitler, Miss Gates says that â€Å"we (American people) don't believe in persecuting anyone†. What seems odd to the reader about this claim? o. The town just persecuted a black man for being black. He was convicted and sentenced to death with no real evidence.

The Effects Of Technology On Children s Children

â€Å"It damaged our kids!† â€Å"No, it helped them!† These are the common arguments between adults about using technology for their children. Both have good points, however, it depends which angle they are looked at. There are different positive and negative views of technology regarding a child’s social skills, education, creativity, and health. Every morning, to keep a toddler from bothering the family or babysitter, adults turn on the television on, directly to an educational channel, such as PBS Kids or Sprout. When they watch more of these kinds of TV shows, it will eventually lead to the young child talk back to the TV, building their communication among their families, or with others as well. As some parents have found, kids who watch a lot of appropriate TV began to speak at an earlier age than those who watch less TV. It is not only TV that brings these skills to a child. Educational and apps which kids repeat after, also play a role in a childâ€℠¢s speech. Older kids, on the other hand, do not rely on TV and educational apps for social skills. Instead, they use social media to keep in touch with the world. They build up the courage to express themselves by, for example, posting or commenting on Facebook. Once they get comfortable being themselves online, it becomes easier to do so in real life. (Caruso) Although parents often complain about their child not leaving the house to talk to people in the real world, most of them are complaining for the wrong purposes. Some teensShow MoreRelatedEffects Of Technology On Children s Children Essay1582 Words   |  7 PagesOverstimulation of Technology Causes ADHD in Children Alderman states, â€Å"kids from eight to eighteen years of age spend seven and a half hours a day using entertainment media.† This startling fact means that out of only 24 hours in a day, nearly one third of that time is spent looking at a screen. 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